{"id":6375,"date":"2024-07-17T13:26:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-17T10:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jewelleryinuae.com\/?p=6375"},"modified":"2024-10-09T10:27:14","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T07:27:14","slug":"cullinan-star-of-africa-is-the-world-s-largest-diamond","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jewelleryinuae.com\/et\/cullinan-star-of-africa-on-maailma-suurim-teemant\/","title":{"rendered":"Cullinan (Star of Africa) on maailma suurim teemant."},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Suurim looduslik teemant, mis on kunagi Maalt leitud, kannab nime Cullinan. See avastati 25. jaanuaril 1905 L\u00f5una-Aafrikas asuvas kaevanduses. Kivi kaalus 3106,75 karaati (621,35 grammi). See sai nime kaevanduse omaniku Thomas Major Cullinani j\u00e4rgi.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"Cullinan<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
Joonis 1. Cullinani teemant<\/h6>\n<\/p>\n

Suurima teemandi ajalugu<\/span><\/h2>\n

Ajalugu \u00fctleb, et teemant leiti juhuslikult. Kaevanduse juht Frederick Wells l\u00e4ks \u00f5htul Transvaalis asuvasse Premieri kaevandusse inspekteerima ja m\u00e4rkas enda kohal valguse v\u00e4lgatust. Juhataja otsustas, et \u00fcks tema t\u00f6\u00f6tajatest tegi nalja ja pistis klaasikillu kaevanduse v\u00f5lvikusse. Ta t\u00f5stis pliiatsinuga \"v\u00f5ltsingu\" \u00fcles ja t\u00f5mbas sealt v\u00e4lja teemandi, mida ta \u00fcllatusega n\u00e4gi. Maailma suurim teemant. Kristall oli umbes 10 sentimeetrit pikk, 6 sentimeetrit lai ja 7 sentimeetrit k\u00f5rge. Lisaks selgus, et kivi oli erakordse puhtusega. Teemandi v\u00e4rvus oli valkjas-sinine.<\/p>\n

P\u00e4rast kivi uurimist j\u00f5udsid eksperdid j\u00e4reldusele, et tegemist ei ole mitte \u00fche kristalliga, vaid t\u00fckiga veel suuremast kivist. See t\u00f5i kaasa teemantide kaevandamise aktiivse arengu. Kuid paraku ei ole siiani \"emamineraali\" kunagi leitud.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"Cullinan<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
Joonis 2. Frederick Welsh ja Thomas Cullinan teemandiga.<\/h6>\n<\/p>\n

Kaevanduse omanikult Thomas Cullinanilt ostis teemandi Transvaali valitsus 150 000 naela eest. Seej\u00e4rel otsustati kivi kinkida Inglismaa kuningale Edward VII-le: nii soovis riik v\u00e4ljendada oma t\u00e4nu kroonile Transvaali p\u00f5hiseaduse tunnustamise eest. Kinkimine otsustati h\u00e4\u00e4letuse teel. Kuid kuningas v\u00f5is keelduda. Transvaali rahva r\u00f5\u00f5muks n\u00f5ustus Edward VII Winston Churchilli soovitusel kingituse vastu v\u00f5tma.<\/p>\n

1905. aastal transporditi kivi Inglismaale. Ametlikult saadeti see laevaga koos eriliste autasudega ja Scotland Yardi valvuritega. Tegelikkuses aga selgus, et laev ja Cullinani saatmise pidulik tseremoonia olid vaid lavastus, mis oli m\u00f5eldud diversiooni tekitamiseks. Tegelikult saadeti teemant t\u00e4hitud postipakiga. Royal Mail ei j\u00e4tnud vahele: teemant j\u00f5udis ohutult Suurbritanniasse.<\/p>\n

1907. aastal kingiti see Edward VII-le tema 66. s\u00fcnnip\u00e4evaks. Vastuv\u00f5tu ajal anti garantii, et \"see suur ja ainulaadne teemant s\u00e4ilitatakse ja kaitstakse teiste ajalooliste kivide seas, mis moodustavad krooni p\u00e4randi\".<\/p>\n

Teemantidest teemantideni<\/span><\/h2>\n

Cullinani lihvimine usaldati I. J. Asscher & Co-le, Amsterdamis asuvale p\u00e4rilike teemantide lihvijatega tegelevale ettev\u00f5ttele. Teemanti uuriti mitu kuud: kahjuks leiti mitmeid vigu. Ja keskel oli tume laik, mida \u00fcmbritses hele ala, mis r\u00e4\u00e4kis kivi sisemisest pingest. Seda oli v\u00f5imatu t\u00e4ielikult lihvida. Otsustati, et kivi tuleb purustada mitmeks t\u00fckiks.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"Cullinan<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
Joonis 3. Joseph Asher murrab Cullinani teemandi.<\/h6>\n<\/p>\n

T\u00f6\u00f6d teostas omanik ise I. J. Asscher & Co. 1908. aasta veebruaris jagati kivi kaheks ja seej\u00e4rel olemasoleva struktuuri alusel v\u00e4iksemateks t\u00fckkideks. Selle tulemusel saadi 9 suurt kivi ja 96 v\u00e4iksemat kivi. \u00dcks osa 69,5 karaadiga j\u00e4eti t\u00f6\u00f6tlemata. Suurematele anti oma nimed: Cullinan I kuni Cullinan IX. K\u00f5ik need on Inglismaa krooni omandis.<\/p>\n

Cullinan I<\/span><\/h3>\n

Suurim Cullinan I teemant kannab samuti nime Great Star of Africa. Selle kaal on 530,2 karaati. Kivi on pirnikujulise lihviga, millel on 76 tahku. Edward VII k\u00e4sul oli Cullinan I teemant p\u00f5imitud kuningliku skepeti tippu. Soovi korral saab selle keppilt eemaldada ja kanda prossina. T\u00e4na on Cullinan I-ga kepp Toweris eksponeeritud.<\/p>\n

Kuni 1990. aastani oli Cullinan I maailma suurim teemant, kuid selle l\u00fckkas pjedestaalilt maha Golden Jubilee, mille kaal oli 545,67 karaati. Siiski on Cullinan I t\u00e4naseni suurim teemant, mille puhtusaste on rahvusvahelise klassifikatsiooni j\u00e4rgi D (v\u00e4rvitu).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"Cullinan<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
Joonis 4. Cullinan I<\/h6>\n<\/p>\n

Cullinan II<\/span><\/h3>\n

Teiseks suurim Cullinan II kaalub 317,4 karaati ja seda nimetatakse \"Aafrika v\u00e4ikeseks t\u00e4heks\". Cullinan II on lihvitud pehmeks (cushion). See on asetatud Briti impeeriumi krooni servale. Sarnaselt Cullinan I skeptrile on see eksponeeritud Toweris.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"Cullinan<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
Joonis 5. Cullinan II Briti impeeriumi kroonis<\/h6>\n<\/p>\n

Cullinan III ja Cullinan IV<\/span><\/h3>\n

Cullinani perekonna suuruselt kolmas teemant on pirnikujuline. See kaalub 94,4 karaati. Koos Cullinan IV-ga (63,6-karaadine neljakandiline teemant pehmekujulise lihviga) kinnitati need George V abikaasa kuninganna Mary kroonile.<\/p>\n

Maarja kandis seda krooni George V. kroonimise ajal. P\u00e4rast seda asendati kivid j\u00e4ljenditega ja kaks Cullinanit \u00fchendati ripatsprussiks. Ripats p\u00e4randus hiljem Elizabeth II-le.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"Cullinan<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
Joonis 6. Cullinan III ja Cullinan IV pross-riipus.<\/h6>\n<\/p>\n

Cullinan V<\/span><\/h3>\n

Viies Cullinan p\u00e4rines romantilise s\u00fcdamekujulise l\u00f5ikega. Kaal on suhteliselt kerge, 18,8 karaati. Teemant on kasutatud Cambridge'i ja Delhi Durbari paruuri kuuluva prosside keskse kivina. Pross on eemaldatav ja paigaldatav kuninganna Maarja kroonile.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"Cullinan<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
Joonis 7. Pross Cullinan V-ga<\/h6>\n<\/p>\n

Cullinan VI ja Cullinan VIII<\/span><\/h3>\n

Selle 11,5-karaadise markiislihviga kivi kinkis Edward VII oma abikaasale Alexandrale, kes kaunistas sellega oma tiara. Hiljem p\u00e4ris selle kuninganna Mary.<\/p>\n

Sel ajal oli Maarja juba Cullinan VIII omanik: 6,8-karaadine smaragdl\u00f5ikega teemant. Mary otsustas \u00fchendada need kaks kivi prossiks ja ripatsiks. Koos kannavad nad nime Cullinan VI ja VIII pross. Cullinan VIII on v\u00f5imalik eemaldada ja vajadusel kasutada Cambridge'i ja Delhi Durbari paruuri.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"Cullinan<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
Joonis 8. Cullinan VI ja VIII pross<\/h6>\n<\/p>\n

Cullinan VII<\/span><\/h3>\n

Cullinan VII kaalub 8,8 karaati ja on lihvitud \"marquis\" kujuga. See on ripats plaatinast Delhi Durbari kaelakeelel, mis koosneb smaragdidest ja teemantidest. See kaelakee kuulub Cambridge'i ja Delhi Durbari paruuri.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"Cullinan<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
Joonis 9. Cullinan VII kannab Delhi Durbari kaelakee.<\/h6>\n<\/p>\n

Cullinan IX.<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00dcheksas ja v\u00e4ikseim Cullinan kaalub 4,4 karaati ja on ovaalse pendelokkujulise lihviga. See on asetatud s\u00f5rmusesse.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"Cullinan<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
Joonis 10: Ring koos Cullinan IX-ga<\/h6>\n<\/p>\n

Nagu enam kui sajand tagasi, on k\u00f5ik Cullinanite perekonna teemandid Inglismaa krooni valduses. Kivide v\u00e4\u00e4rtust ei ole hinnatud. Arvatakse, et need on k\u00f5ik hindamatud.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The largest natural diamond ever found on Earth is named Cullinan. It was discovered in a mine in South Africa on January 25, 1905. The stone weighed 3106.75 carats (621.35 grams). It was named after the mine’s owner, Thomas Major Cullinan. Figure 1. The Cullinan diamond History of the largest diamond History says that the […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-diamonds","wp-sticky","no-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"\nCullinan is the world's largest diamond weighing 3106.75 carats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cullinan is the world's largest diamond, which yielded 9 diamonds weighing from 4.4 to 530.2 carats.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jewelleryinuae.com\/et\/cullinan-star-of-africa-on-maailma-suurim-teemant\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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