{"id":6453,"date":"2024-09-07T13:26:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-07T10:26:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jewelleryinuae.com\/?p=6453"},"modified":"2024-10-09T10:36:01","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T07:36:01","slug":"how-to-distinguish-a-real-diamond-from-an-artificial-one","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jewelleryinuae.com\/sk\/ako-rozoznat-pravy-diamant-od-umeleho\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako rozozna\u0165 prav\u00fd diamant od umel\u00e9ho"},"content":{"rendered":"
Umel\u00fd diamant je kame\u0148, ktor\u00fd je svoj\u00edm zlo\u017een\u00edm takmer identick\u00fd s pr\u00edrodn\u00fdm diamantom, vypestovan\u00fd v \u0161peci\u00e1lnych laborat\u00f3rnych podmienkach. Umel\u00e9 diamanty by sa nemali zamie\u0148a\u0165 s fianitom a moissanitom. Ak m\u00e1 pr\u00edrodn\u00fd diamant v porovnan\u00ed s posledn\u00fdmi dvoma menovan\u00fdmi mnoho rozdielov, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa identifikova\u0165 falzifik\u00e1t aj pomocou dom\u00e1cich testov, v pr\u00edpade umel\u00e9ho diamantu je v\u0161etko ove\u013ea komplikovanej\u0161ie. Pok\u00fasme sa tomu porozumie\u0165.<\/p>\n
Umel\u00e9 diamanty - \u010do s\u00fa a ako sa vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa<\/h2>\n
Prv\u00e9 umel\u00e9 diamanty boli syntetizovan\u00e9 u\u017e v 50. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia. Vzorky sa v\u0161ak podarilo dovies\u0165 do ve\u013ekosti, ktor\u00e1 by bola zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 pre \u0161perk\u00e1rsky priemysel, a\u017e v 90. rokoch. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti existuj\u00fa dve hlavn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie.<\/p>\n
Synt\u00e9za HPHT<\/h3>\n
Technol\u00f3gia pestovania diamantu v mal\u00fdch kapsul\u00e1ch pod vysok\u00fdm tlakom (z vysok\u00e9ho tlaku a vysokej teploty). Surovinou je diamantov\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ok, ktor\u00fd sa rozpust\u00ed v roztavenom kovovom tavidle a potom vykry\u0161talizuje na semeno. Proces pestovania trv\u00e1 od nieko\u013ek\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov do nieko\u013ek\u00fdch mesiacov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina HPHT diamantov m\u00e1 \u017elt\u00fa, oran\u017eovo\u017elt\u00fa alebo hnedo\u017elt\u00fa farbu. Pridan\u00edm inhib\u00edtorov vznikaj\u00fa \u010d\u00edre a modr\u00e9 kamene a pridan\u00edm b\u00f3ru vznikaj\u00fa modr\u00e9 kamene.<\/p>\n
Synt\u00e9za CVD<\/h3>\n
Technika pestovania diamantov pomocou lasera vo v\u00e1kuovej komore naplnenej plynom obsahuj\u00facim uhl\u00edk (z chemickej depoz\u00edcie z plynnej f\u00e1zy). Laser ni\u010d\u00ed molekuly plynu, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje ukladanie at\u00f3mov uhl\u00edka na z\u00e1rodo\u010dn\u00e9 dosky. R\u00fdchlos\u0165 rastu je nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov. Technol\u00f3gia CVD umo\u017e\u0148uje s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd rast viacer\u00fdch vzoriek. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina CVD diamantov m\u00e1 hned\u00fa alebo siv\u00fa farbu. Pridan\u00edm dus\u00edka alebo b\u00f3ru do komory vznikaj\u00fa \u017elt\u00e9, ru\u017eovooran\u017eov\u00e9 alebo modr\u00e9 kamene. Na z\u00edskanie \u010d\u00edrych vzoriek sa hned\u00e9 CVD diamanty bielia technol\u00f3giou HPHT.<\/p>\n
Ako rozozna\u0165 pr\u00edrodn\u00fd diamant od syntetick\u00e9ho diamantu<\/h2>\n
Bohu\u017eia\u013e, pre be\u017en\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165 prirodzenos\u0165 kame\u0148a len pomocou \u0161peci\u00e1lneho gemologick\u00e9ho zariadenia a testov.<\/p>\n
Farebn\u00e9 z\u00f3novanie<\/h3>\n
T\u00e1to technika sa pou\u017e\u00edva len pri farebn\u00fdch diamantoch.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 diamanty m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e vykazova\u0165 farebn\u00e9 z\u00f3novanie, ale nebude podriaden\u00e9 \u017eiadnemu geometrick\u00e9mu vzoru.<\/li>\n
CVD diamanty maj\u00fa dokonale rovnomern\u00e9 rozlo\u017eenie farby v celej vzorke.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Pomocou mikroskopu tak gemol\u00f3g m\u00f4\u017ee pod\u013ea typu farebn\u00e9ho z\u00f3novania zisti\u0165, ak\u00fd typ kame\u0148a m\u00e1 pred sebou.<\/p>\n
Kovov\u00e9 a grafitov\u00e9 inkl\u00fazie<\/h3>\n
Vzh\u013eadom na povahu technol\u00f3gie maj\u00fa HPHT diamanty \u010dasto inkl\u00fazie tvrden\u00fdch kovov, zatia\u013e \u010do CVD diamanty maj\u00fa \u010dasto inkl\u00fazie grafitu. Tie je mo\u017en\u00e9 vidie\u0165 len pri ve\u013emi ve\u013ekom zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00ed. HPHT kamene v\u0161ak reaguj\u00fa na siln\u00fd magnet: a\u017e 95% vzoriek tak\u00fdchto syntetick\u00fdch diamantov m\u00e1 magnetick\u00e9 vlastnosti. Magnetick\u00fd test teda umo\u017e\u0148uje \"odmietnu\u0165\" iba HPHT diamanty. A podrobn\u00e9 sk\u00famanie vzoriek pod silnou zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ovacou technikou umo\u017e\u0148uje vidie\u0165 kovov\u00e9 a grafitov\u00e9 inkl\u00fazie, ktor\u00e9 s vysokou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou poukazuj\u00fa na syntetick\u00fd charakter kame\u0148a.<\/p>\n
V\u0161imnite si, \u017ee pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 diamanty m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 aj inkl\u00fazie grafitu, ilmenitu, magnetitu, gran\u00e1tu, malakolitu a in\u00fdch. Tieto inkl\u00fazie v\u0161ak maj\u00fa spravidla typick\u00fd vzh\u013ead \"pierka\" - sk\u00fasen\u00fd gemol\u00f3g dok\u00e1\u017ee okam\u017eite identifikova\u0165 ich pr\u00edrodn\u00fd p\u00f4vod.<\/p>\n
Interferencia farieb (deform\u00e1cia)<\/h3>\n
Tento test je zalo\u017een\u00fd na umiestnen\u00ed diamantu medzi dva polariza\u010dn\u00e9 filtre pod vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdm uhlom 90 stup\u0148ov. Pr\u00edrodn\u00fd kame\u0148 bude vykazova\u0165 kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 \u0161rafovanie alebo mozaikov\u00fd vzor farebnej interferencie, ktor\u00fd je sp\u00f4soben\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinkami nerovnomern\u00e9ho tlaku na kry\u0161t\u00e1l po\u010das rastu. Syntetick\u00e9 kamene pestovan\u00e9 pri kon\u0161tantn\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch tlaku nevykazuj\u00fa vzor farebnej deform\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n
Fluorescencia<\/h3>\n
Fluorescencia syntetick\u00fdch diamantov m\u00e1 charakteristick\u00fd vzor. V pr\u00edpade HPHT kame\u0148ov m\u00e1 tvar kr\u00ed\u017ea, zatia\u013e \u010do v pr\u00edpade CVD kame\u0148ov m\u00e1 charakteristick\u00fd pruhovan\u00fd vzor. Pod UV lampou maj\u00fa HPHT syntetick\u00e9 kamene \u010dastej\u0161ie zelen\u00fa, \u017eltozelen\u00fa alebo \u017elt\u00fa farbu, zatia\u013e \u010do CVD kamene s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou oran\u017eov\u00e9 alebo \u010derven\u00e9. Na druhej strane pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 diamanty \u017eiaria modro.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Obr\u00e1zok 1. CVD diamant v\u013eavo, HPHT diamant v strede a pr\u00edrodn\u00fd diamant vpravo.<\/h6>\n
\u0160peci\u00e1lna jednotka DiamondView umo\u017e\u0148uje zis\u0165ova\u0165 vzory rastu kry\u0161t\u00e1lov pomocou fluorescen\u010dnej vizualiz\u00e1cie. Na z\u00e1klade obrazu je jasn\u00e9, ak\u00fa vzorku m\u00e1 gemol\u00f3g pred sebou - HPHT, CVD alebo pr\u00edrodn\u00fd kame\u0148. \u017dia\u013e, cena pr\u00edstroja je tak\u00e1 vysok\u00e1, \u017ee sa v dom\u00e1cich laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch nenach\u00e1dza.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Obr\u00e1zok 2. Prie\u010dne vzory HPHT diamantov pri zobrazen\u00ed v programe DiamondView.<\/h6>\n
Fosforescencia<\/h3>\n
Po vypnut\u00ed UV lampy pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 kamene \"zhasn\u00fa\", zatia\u013e \u010do syntetick\u00e9 (najm\u00e4 HPHT) m\u00f4\u017eu \u017eiari\u0165 viac ako min\u00fatu.<\/p>\n
Ak to zhrnieme, m\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee na presn\u00e9 ur\u010denie p\u00f4vodu diamantu potrebujete \u0161peci\u00e1lne drah\u00e9 vybavenie: refraktometre, ultrafialov\u00e9 gemologick\u00e9 lampy, polariskopy a mikroskopy. Nie s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch. Preto, aby ste neodhadli, ak\u00fd kame\u0148 ste si k\u00fapili, je lep\u0161ie nakupova\u0165 len na d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdch miestach.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
An artificial diamond is a stone almost identical in composition to a natural diamond, grown under special laboratory conditions. Artificial diamonds should not be confused with fianite and moissanite. If with the latter two a natural diamond has many differences that allow you to identify a fake using even home tests, in the case of […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7304,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diamonds","wp-sticky"],"yoast_head":"\n
How to distinguish a man-made diamond from a natural diamond<\/title>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How to distinguish a man-made diamond from a natural diamond","description":"What is the difference between a man-made diamond and a natural diamond? Tips from experienced gemologists on the differences between these stones.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/jewelleryinuae.com\/sk\/ako-rozoznat-pravy-diamant-od-umeleho\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"How to distinguish a man-made diamond from a natural diamond","og_description":"What is the difference between a man-made diamond and a natural diamond? 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